Nanotron Technologies NANONET-TRX nanoNET TRX 2.4 GHz CSS Transceiver User Manual UserMan

Nanotron Technologies GmbH nanoNET TRX 2.4 GHz CSS Transceiver UserMan

UserMan

FCC Required Exhibit 12nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXFCC Information to the user pursuant to FCC Rules Part 15, Subpart B, can be found on page iii.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage ii Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyDocument InformationDocument title: nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)Version/release number: 1.00Released (yyyy-mm-dd): 2001-01-21 Current printing: 2005-1-26, 11:13 amDocument ID: NA-04-0000-0304-1.00DisclaimerNanotron Technologies GmbH reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nanotron Technologies GmbH does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein.TrademarksAll product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.Life Support PolicyThese products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Nanotron Technologies GmbH customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nanotron Technologies GmbH for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.Address InformationNanotron Technologies GmbHAlt-Moabit 6110555 BerlinGermanyTel: +49 (0) 30 - 399954-0Fax: +49 (0) 30 - 399954-188Email: info@nanotron.comWeb: www.nanotron.comCopyright © 2005 Nanotron Technologies GmbH.This document and the information contained herein is the subject of copyright and intellectual property rights under international convention. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical or optical, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Nanotron Technologies GmbH.CAUTION! Electrostatic Sensitive Device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page iiiRegulatory InformationElectromagnetic Interference / CompatibilityNearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if inadequately shielded, designed, or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility. To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, do not use this device in any facility where posted notices instruct you to do so. In aircraft, use of any radio frequency devices must be in accor-dance with applicable regulations. Hospitals or health care facilities may be using equipment that is sensi-tive to external RF energy. With medical devices, maintain a minimum separation of 6 inches (15 cm) between pacemakers and wireless devices and some wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids. If other personal medical devices are being used in the vicinity of wireless devices, ensure that the device has been adequately shielded from RF energy. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.EC Declaration of ConformityThe 2.4GHz Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) Low-Power RF Transceiver, model number nanoNET TRX has been certified to comply with the requirements of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC and the standards EN 300 328 V 1.4.1:2003, EN 301 489-17 V1.2.1, and EN 60950-1:2001.FCC User InformationStatement according to FCC part 15.19:This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Statement according to FCC part 15.21:Modifications not expressly approved by this company could void the user's authority to operate the equip-ment.RF exposure mobil:The internal / external antennas used for this mobile transmitter must provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter."Statement according to FCC part 15.105:This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A and Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation and against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions as provided in the user manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his or her own expense.If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to connected.• Consult the dealer or an experienced technician for help.0681
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage iv Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyPage vTable of Contents1. About the nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . 12. nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54. nanoNET MCF Microcontroller Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75. Using the RF Performance Evaluation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1. Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2. Flash Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3. Setting Up the MCF Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4. Error Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5. Installing the RF Performance Analysis Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.6. Shutting Down an MCF Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156. RF Performance Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.1. Preparing for RF Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.2. Starting the RFPAT Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3. Initializing and Selecting a Chip Register Settings File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.4. Initializing Chip with Default Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206.5. Test Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207. Antenna Specifications for Model 17010.11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.1. Vertical Diagram for Model 17010.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227.2. Azimuth Diagram for Model 17010.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage vi Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 11. About the nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation KitThe nanoNET TRX is a highly integrated mixed signal chip utilizing a new wireless communica-tion technology – Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) – developed by Nanotron. It is designed forrobust wireless networks operating in the 2.45 GHz ISM band, and has extremely low power con-sumption over a wide range of operating temperatures. The nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation Kit enables the testing and measurement of wireless communication using thenanoNET TRX chip in real world conditions and facilitates the development of applications usingthe powerful features of the nanoNET MCF microcontroller board. With the Evaluation Kit, therange, robustness, and performance of the nanoNET TRX transceiver can be demonstrated. The nanoNET MCF microcontroller board uses the Motorola ColdFire microcontroller which pro-vides a powerful platform for application development for wireless communication. It also pro-vides an Xilinx FPGA to extend the microcontroller bus structure for further applications (forexample, a graphic display), two ADCs creating two analog input channels, a DAC with two ana-logue output channels, a power supply block, and mounting connectors for up to two nanoNETRF Test Modules.Figure 1: RF Performance Evaluation Kit hardwareThe evaluation kit includes:Two nanoNET TRX RF Test ModulesThe nanoNET TRX RF Test Module contains the nanoNET TRX transceiver along with exter-nal circuitry required for its operation. It provides basic RF functionality including transmission(TX), and reception (RX), as well as basic digital operations.Two 2.4 GHz Omnidirectional AntennasThese high-quality sleeve dipole omnidirectional indoor antennas have a frequency range of2.40 to 2.48 GHz.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 2 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyTwo nanoNET MCF Microcontroller BoardsThe nanoNET MCF Microcontroller board provides an effective platform for the evaluation ofthe nanoNET TRX chip, as it uses Motorola’s ColdFire® MCF5272 Integrated Microproces-sor, an IC ideally suited for getting the highest performance out of the nanoNET TRX chip.Note: The MCF boards have been preflashed with the RFPAT firmware required for use with the RFPAT user interface and is, therefore, ready for use. Two RS232 Serial CablesThese are used to connect the MCF boards to one or two PCs using the RS232 ports. Software CD This CD contains the nanoNET RF Performance Analysis Tool (RFPAT) and related configu-ration files. The RFPAT application can be used to perform a wide range of tests, includingbasic RF packet transmission and reception demonstrations, interference testing, and coex-istence tests. Configuration files for the specific chip included on the RF Test Module are pro-vided.nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation Kit Quick Start GuideThe nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation Kit Quick Start Guide provides basic instruc-tions for setting up and running the kit. This User Manual provides a description of the basicand advanced tasks that can be performed using RFPAT software in conjunction with theincluded MCF boards and the RF Test Modules.FCC certification is valid only for the complete Evaluation Kit. To use components of the Evaluation Kit individually, such as the RF Test Module, the user is responsible for obtaining a separate grant from the FCC.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 32. nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 5The nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 5 contains the nanoNET TRX (48 pin) transceiveralong with external circuitry required for its operation. It provides RF functions, including modula-tion, transmission (TX), and reception (RX), as well as basic digital operations. Each block of the RF Test Module Version 5 is described in the following sections.nanoNET TRX (48 Pin) Transceiver (48 pin)The nanoNET TRX transceiver has extremely low power consumption, operates over a widerange of temperatures, and performs effortlessly in robust wireless networks operating in the2.45 GHz ISM band. The new transmission technology Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) devel-oped by Nanotron has up and down chirps with a symbol duration of Tsymbol = 1 µs and aneffective bandwidth of Bchirp = 64 MHz. The chip offers three different data rates: 500 kbps, 1Mbps, and 2 Mbps.Note: The RF Test Module Version 5 includes a preproduction phase nanoNET TRX Chip and does not conform in all points to the nanoNET TRX Chip specifications.SMA ConnectorThe SMA connector is used to connect a 50 Ω antenna to the RF Test Module.Impedance Matching CircuitsAt the RF interface of the TRX, there is a differential impedance of 150 Ω, which is matched tothe unsymmetrical (single ended) 50 Ω impedance of the SMA connector by a 150 Ω / 50 ΩRF balun. Additional external components at the RF interface have a power and noise match-ing function that allows a sharing of the antenna without an external RX/TX – RF switch.CDDL - Complementary Dispersive Delay LineThe CDDL is a highly sophisticated SAW filter which incorporates two filters within a singledevice. Within the nanoNET system, the SAW Filter is responsible for distinguishing betweentwo possible incoming signals that are generated by another nanoNET transceiver. Thisreceived signal is either an up-chirp, a down-chirp, or a folded pulse (up-chirp and down-chirpat the same time). All of these signals have the same center frequency and the same band-width. The difference between an up-chirp and a down-chirp occurs only in the phase infor-mation of the complete spectrum. This phase information is enough for the CDDL tocompress a pulse at one output port and expand it at the other (that is, to extend the incoming
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 4 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germanysignal to the doubled duration). In this way the CDDL acts like a matched filter for one of thepossible transmitted pulses.32768 Hz QuartzThe 32768 Hz Quartz is used for the real time clock oscillator.16 MHz QuartzThe 16 MHz Quartz provides a frequency reference for the Local Oscillator and for other digi-tal activities in the chip.EEPROMThis memory is used for storing basic parameters for the nanoNET TRX transceiver and forstoring the ID of the chip. ConnectorsTwo connectors are provided to mount the RF Test Module Version 5 on an either an Evalua-tion Board or an Adapter Board. These connectors provide to the RT Test Module a regulated3.3 V power supply as well as control signals and data.Figure 2: RF Test Module Version 5nanoNET TRXSMA ConnectorRX/TX input/outputCDDLImpedance matchingcircuits(48 Pin) IC Connectors16 MHz Quartz EEPROMTop sideBottom side32768 Hz Quartz
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 53. nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 12The nanoNET TRX RF Test Module Version 12 contains the nanoNET TRX (44 pin) transceiveralong with external circuitry required for its operation. It provides basic RF functionality includingtransmission (TX), and reception (RX), as well as basic digital operations. Figure 3: nanoNET TRX RF Test Module (Ver. 12)The nanoNET TRX RF Test Module consists of the following components:nanoNET TRX Transceiver (44 pin)The nanoNET TRX transceiver has extremely low power consumption, operates over a widerange of temperatures, and performs effortlessly in robust wireless networks operating in the2.45 GHz ISM band. The new transmission technology Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) devel-oped by Nanotron Technologies has up and down chirps with a symbol duration of Tsymbol = 1µs and an effective bandwidth of Bchirp = 64 MHz. The chip offers three different data rates:500 kbps, 1 Mbps, and 2 Mbps.SMA connector (RX/TX input/output)The SMA connector is used to connect a 50 Ω antenna to the RF Test Module Version 12. Impedance Matching CircuitsAt the RF interface of the TRX, there is a differential impedance of 150 Ω, which is matched tothe unsymmetrical (single ended) 50 Ω impedance of the SMA connector by a 150 Ω / 50 ΩRF balun. Additional external components at the RF interface have a power and noise match-ing function that allows a sharing of the antenna without an external RX/TX – RF switch.CDDL – Complementary Dispersive Delay LineThe CDDL is a highly sophisticated SAW filter which incorporates two filters within a singledevice. Within the nanoNET system, the SAW Filter is responsible for distinguishing betweentwo possible incoming signals that are generated by another nanoNET transceiver. Thisreceived signal is either an up-chirp, a down-chirp, or a folded pulse (up-chirp and down-chirpat the same time). All of these signals have the same center frequency and the same band-width. The difference between an up-chirp and a down-chirp occurs only in the phase infor-mation.This phase information is enough for the CDDL to compress a pulse at one output portand expand it at the other (that is, to extend the incoming signal to the doubled duration). Inthis way the CDDL acts like a matched filter for one of the possible transmitted pulses.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 6 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany32768 Hz QuartzThe 32768 Hz Quartz is used for the real time clock oscillator.16 MHz QuartzTo provide the required 16 MHz, the RF Test Module uses either a 16 MHz Quartz or a 16MHz external oscillator, depending on the chip used. Modules with the 16 MHz Quartz use theinternal oscillator circuitry and can operate within a range of between 0°C to 85°C. Moduleswith the 16 MHz Quartz external oscillator do not use the internal oscillator circuitry and canoperate within a range of -40°C to 85°C. ConnectorsTwo connectors are provided to mount the RF Test Module on an either an Evaluation Boardor an Adapter Board. These connectors provide to the Test Module a regulated 3.3 V powersupply as well as control signals and data.Figure 4: nanoNET TRX RF Test Module (Version 12) ComponentsnanoNET TRXSMA ConnectorRX/TX input/outputCDDLImpedance matchingcircuitstransceiver ConnectorsPads for 16 MHzQuartz Top sideBottom side32768 HzQuartz 16 MHz externalEEPROMoscillator
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 74. nanoNET MCF Microcontroller BoardThe nanoNET MCF Microcontroller Board is designed to be used with the nanoNET TRX RFTest Modules for evaluating the RX and TX of the nanoNET TRX transceiver. It supports up totwo RF Test Modules for wireless communication as well as supporting baseband communica-tion for application testing free of interference from wireless transmissions. The MCF boardincludes a 66 MHz Motorola ColdFire© microcontroller, 32 MB RAM, 2 MB flash memory, twoADCs with two analogue input channels, a DAC with two analogue output channels, a powersupply block, and a wide range of interfaces. Figure 5: MCF Microcontroller board component locationsThe nanoNET MCF Microcontroller Board consists of following components:Motorola ColdFire© MicrocontrollerThe Motorola ColdFire© microprocessor MCF5272, clocked at 66 MHz, is based on a vari-able-length RISC processor with a 32-bit address bus and a 32-bit data bus. A 2 MByte bootflash as well as a 32 MByte SDRAM are provided as external components on the board. Xilinx FPGAThe MCF board provides an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to extend the microcon-troller bus structure for add on applications using connectors X7a and X7b. Connector X1 (Power Supply Jack)This 2.1 mm barrel connector provides a supply voltage to the board. For details on the powersupply for the MCF board, see "Power Supply" on page 11.Connector X2 (USB)The MCF board provides a USB interface (full speed specified by version 1.1). The USB inter-face is not used for the Evaluation Kit.Connector X3 (Ethernet 10/100BASE TX)The MCF Board provides a 10/100BASE TX Ethernet interface to use, for example, to con-nect to boards for a fast wired communication channel or to a network if a TCP/IP stack is partof the software. The Ethernet interface is not used for the Evaluation KitTX_RXJP4X8aX8bX10aX10bTX_RXX7aModule 1Module 2X9TX_RX1MISOMOSISPISS2µCVCC1SPISS1/INTµCRESEPWRUPRSPICLKX7bX11X6BDMCFG3 CFG2 CFG1L3L2 L1L0X4X3X2X1 PWRJP1ResetMK1K2K3JP2JP3RS232connectorEthernetconnectorUSBconnectorPowerconnectorBDMconnectorTe r m i n alblocksSocket onefor RF ModuleSocket twofor RF ModuleSPI Bus con-nectorDigital I/OAdd-on application connector1RS232EthernetUSBColdfireMCF5722XilinixFPGAflashmemoryRAMmemoryRAMmemory11DIPswitchnanotronTECHNOLGOGIESAdd-on application connectorX5
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 8 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyConnector X4 (RS232 Serial Interface)The MCF board provides an RS232 serial interface for connecting to a serial port of a PC.The UART1 of the controller uses an external driver that provides RS232 compatibility forconnection of terminal. Connector X5 (Terminal Blocks)This power supply using a CAGE CLAMP® (series 236) provides an alternate power supplyfor the board. See Table 1: "MCF board power supply guidelines" on page 5–11 for minimumand maximum voltage requirements for the board. The polarity of the terminal blocks areshown below:Figure 6: Connector X5 (Terminal Blocks)The analogue and digital 3.3 V supply voltages of the RF Test Module mounted on connec-tors X8a and X8b are fed separately from connector X5 to connector X8a so that both cur-rents of the module can be measured. Connect the Ampere meter between pins 3 and 4 tomeasure the power supply current of the digital part of the TRX chip, and between pins 5 and6 for the power supply current of the analogue part of the TRX chip.In normal operation, both pins 3 and 4 and pins 5 and 6 must be shorted.Connector X6 (BDM for Flash Memory and MCF5272 Debugging)The MCF board provides a BDM connector that can be used to program the flash memory aswell as to run the MCF5272 microcontroller in debug mode. A special adapter is required tointerface between a parallel port cable connected to a standard IBM PC parallel port (DB25female connector) on the PC and the BDM connector on the MCF board. The BDM is notused for the Evaluation Kit. Note: The RF Performance Evaluation Kit does not include a development environment noran adapter to connect a parallel port cable to the BDM connector. Contact a NanotronTechnologies sales representative for information about the RF Performance Develop-ment Kit.Connectors X7a and X7b (add-on application board)The MCF board provides an interface for extending the microcontroller bus structure for fur-ther applications, such as an LCD matrix display. The Evaluation Kit does not require an add-on application and, therefore, X7a and X7b are, therefore, not used. Connectors X8a and X8b (Digital I/O signals of Module 1)The nanoNET TRX RF Test Modules included in the Evaluation Kit are mounted on theseinterfaces (labeled Module 1) on each MCF board. Connector X8a provides a supply powerto the RF Test Module, while connector X8b provides signals between the RF Test Moduleand the MCF5272 ColdFire© microprocessor.Note: Do not mount the RF Test Module on the set of connectors X10a and X10b (labeledModule 2) as they are not used in the Evaluation Kit. Connector X9 (ADC and DAC)This user-definable connector provides two ADCs (analogue to digital converter) creating twoanalogue input channels, a DAC (digital to analogue converter) with two analogue outputchannels. This connector is not used in the Evaluation Kit.–+3456PWRJP4
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 9Connector X10a and X10b (Digital I/O signals of Module 2)This second set of connectors (labeled Module 2) is provided for a second RF Test Moduleor for an SPI interface and is used in a development environment only. These connectors arenot used with the Evaluation Kit. If an RF Test Module is mounted on the MCF board usingthese connectors, an error will be generated.Connector X11 (Digital I/O)This connector is used to transmit digital I/O signals from/to RF Test Module(s). Its voltagelevel is 3.3 V and it is not buffered. It can be used to provide a baseband connection withoutRF interference. It is used primarily for testing applications and is not used for the EvaluationKit. Status Indication LEDsThe LEDs CFG1, CFG2, and CFG3 provide a boot up status indication. During boot up, allthree LEDs (CFG1, CFG2, CFG3) are illuminated briefly to indicate that the boot up was suc-cessful. They are also used as error indicators. If a few seconds after boot up, they begin tostart flashing intermittently, then the MCF board needs to be rebooted. The boot process canbe restarted by pushing the Reset button to restart. They can also be configured by softwareto provide an indication of the status of the Ethernet controller during board operation. Theyare configured for this purpose for the Evaluation Kit.LEDs L0, L1, L2, L3 are used as error indicators. If a few seconds after boot up, they begin tocontinuously blink 5 times per second, the likely cause is that an RF Test Module has beenplaced in the wrong socket. Reinstall the RF Test Module in connectors X8a and X8b (Module 1). Also, after the MCF board has booted up, LED L3 will flash continually indicat-ing the board is operating. These LEDs are also part of the user interface for the Coldfire©microcontroller and can be configured by software as user-definable status indications.Except LED3, they are not configured for the Evaluation Kit. The power indication LED (PWR) will be illuminated to indicate a correct power supply hasbeen attached to the board, either in the Power Supply Jack (X1) or in the Terminal Blocks(X5). The TX_RX LEDs indicates an RF Module is transmitting or receiving data. It is switchedoff by default. To enable this LED, check the RfTxExtPampOutEn register in the more set-tings dialog. See "Viewing Chip Register Settings" on page 33 for details. JumpersThe MCF board provides a number of jumpers for taking measurements, changing settings,or giving access to I/O lines:Jumper 1 is used (closed as default) to connect the appropriate ports of the controller to the LEDs. Otherwise these ports can be used for another purpose instead of the LEDs.Jumper 2 (default is opened) is the parallel connection of the appropriate ports of the con-troller to the key buttons (K1, K2, M1 and M2). They can also be used for another purpose instead of key buttons if desired.Jumper 3 (default is opened) is the output of the Pulse Width Modulator, it can be con-nected to a speaker for example.Jumper 4 is (default is closed) used to measure the load current of the ColdFire board.In the Evaluation Kit, the default settings are used.Key ButtonsThe MCF board provides a set of five key buttons (labeled RESET, M, K1, K2 and K3). TheRESET button is used to reset the microprocessor in the event of an error during boot up. Theremaining four are software configured and not used for the Evaluation Kit.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 10 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 115. Using the RF Performance Evaluation KitFor a smooth operation of the Evaluation Kit, two computers that have RS232 connector ports(or one computer with two RS232 connector ports) are required with both running Microsoft®Windows® 2000 or XP operating system and each having a minimum of 5MB hard disk space.Also, a power supply is required, either as a 2.1 mm barrel connector or as a bare wire for usewith the board’s terminal block. 5.1. Power SupplyThe power supply is provided by either connector X1 or x5 (see "nanoNET MCF MicrocontrollerBoard" on page 7). The MCF board provides connectors (X7a and X7b) for an external periph-eral device such as an LED display, although the Evaluation Kit does not include an externaldevice. Nevertheless, the following guidelines should be followed when providing a power supplyfor the board.Warning: Recommended voltage for the Evaluation Kit without the use of an external device is7.5 V as a higher voltage will generate heat due to power dissipation. A lower supply voltage is preferable as higher supply voltages cause the voltage regulator toheat up.The polarity of the inner connector is positive. The board provides three supply voltages: 3.3 V, 1.8 V and 5 V. The microcontroller and thenanoNET TRX RF Test Modules operate at 3.3 V while the core voltage of the FPGA is 1.8 V. A5 V supply is fed to the external connectors X7a and X7b for add-on applications.As soon as the external supply voltage is applied, the power LED is illuminated.5.2. Flash SoftwareThe MCF Boards have been pre-flashed with the RFPAT flash software for use with the RF Per-formance Evaluation Tool.5.3. Setting Up the MCF BoardsWarning: Since the Coldfire Microprocessor does not boot when the RX line on the serial (D-Sub 9) connector has a voltage level above 1.3 Volts, connect the RS232 serial cableAFTER the board has finished its boot sequence and the LED L3 begins to continu-ously blink indicating a successful boot-up.It is important that the steps described below be followed precisely to bring the MCF Boards up toa running state. Table 1: MCF board power supply guidelinesOperating ModeMinimum MaximumAbsolute Recommended Recommended AbsoluteWithout external device 4.5 V 4.8 V 6 V 9 VWith external device 6.2 V 6.5 V 7.5 V 9 V
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 12 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyFor each MCF board:1. Attach to one of the nanoNET TRX RF Test Modules a 2.4 GHz sleeve dipole antenna model17010.11 that has been provided in the Evaluation Kit. Figure 7: Attaching antenna to RF Test ModuleWarning: To use the Evaluation Kit, you MUST use the antennas that have been providedwith the Evaluation Kit in order to remain within the scope of FCC Certificationfor FCC Class A and Class B devices. The usage of any other antenna voids theusers authority to operate the equipment under FCC regulations. For specifications of the 2.4 GHz sleeve dipole antenna model 17010.11, see"Antenna Specifications for Model 17010.11" on page 21.2. Carefully install the RF Test Module onto the MCF board using the two connectors labelledModule 1 (connectors X8a/b). Note: The Evaluation Kit uses only one RF Test Module per board and for the kit to operate correctly, the RF Test Module MUST be mounted on the connectors labelled Module 1 or an error will be generated (LEDs 1 to 4 blinking continuously indicating this error).Figure 8: Mounting the RF Test Module on the MCF board3. Connect the MCF board to an external DC power supply. The guidelines described in Table 1:"MCF board power supply guidelines" on page 11 should be followed when providing a powersupply for the board.The MCF board provides two power supply connectors - a 2.1 mm barrel connector (label X1)as well as terminal blocks (label X5) with CAGE CLAMP® (series 236). The terminal blocks(maximum 2.5mm2 conductor) can be used when a reliable power supply connection isrequired. The polarity of the power supply is as shown.nanoNET TRX Module_v12X2 X12.4 GHz antennananoNET MCF µCnanoNET TRX Module_v11X2 X1Module 1Module 2Assembled TRX RF Test Module
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 13Figure 9: Terminal blocks, barrel connector and power supply optionsFigure 10: Connecting the barrel connector power supply4. Once the power supply has been provided, the Power LED will illuminate to indicate the boardhas been powered up. It then begins its boot up process. Figure 11: Power supply indicator5. After a period of a few seconds, three LEDs (CFG1, CFG2, CFG3) will illuminate briefly to indi-cate that the Ethernet controller has been initialized.Figure 12: MCF board LEDs+–+–redblack+–Terminal Blocks Barrel connectorBare wirepwr+–X5X1To Power supplyTerminal blocks2.1 mm barrel connectorSocket 1nanoNET TRX Module_v11X2 X1pwrpower LEDnanoNET MCF µCSocket 1nanoNET TRX Module_v1X2 X1MCF LEDsCFG3CGG2 CFG1L3 L2 L1L0nanoNET MCF µC
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 14 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany6. Once the MCF board has been successfully booted up, LED L3 will flash continually indicat-ing the board is operating.Figure 13: Running indicator (LED 3)7. Finally, connect a 9-pin RS232 cable to the RS232 connector on the MCF board (label X4)and to a RS232 serial port on a computer running either Microsoft® Windows® 2000 or XP.Figure 14: Connecting the RS23 cable to the MCF boardRepeat this procedure with the second MCF board and then launch the RF Performance Evalua-tion Tool. See "Installing the RF Performance Analysis Tool" on page 15.5.4. Error IndicationsA number of conditions will generate an error, the most common of which is the nanoNET TRXRF Test Module installed in the wrong socket on the MCF board. To indicate this and any othererror condition, the MCF board causes the LEDs (L0, L1, L2, L3) to blink continuously. Socket 1nanoNET TRX Module_v1X2 X1Running LEDL3nanoNET MCF µCSocket 1nanoNET TRX Module_v11X2 X1RS232X4To RS232 Serial Port on computernanoNET MCF µC
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 15To resolve this error condition:1. Disconnect from power supply and the RS232 cable from the MCF board before attemptingany troubleshooting.2. Ensure that the RF Test Module is installed in the socket labeled Module 1.3. Reconnect the power supply as in step 3 in "Setting Up the MCF Boards" on page 11.4. If the MCF board continues to show an error condition (LEDs blinking continuously), thenpush the Reset button to restart the boot process.The power LED and LEDs (CFG1, CFG2, CFG3) will illuminate briefly to indicate that the boot upwas successful.5. Reconnect the RS232 cable.5.5. Installing the RF Performance Analysis ToolTo install the RF Performance Analysis Tool:1. Copy to a destination directory, for example, C:\RFPAT\, (on both PCs if two PCs are to beused) the RF Performance Analysis Tool (RFPAT) executable (RFPAT.exe) from the nanoNETRF Evaluation Kit CDROM. 2. Ensure that the two MCF boards are connected to the RS232 ports.3. Launch two instances (two on one PC or one each on two PCs) of the RFPAT software byrunning rfpat.exe.For details on using the RFPAT software, see "RF Performance Analysis Tool" on page 17.5.6. Shutting Down an MCF BoardTo safely shut down the MCF board:1. Close the RFPAT applications running on the MCF boards.2. Disconnect the power supply and the RS232 cables from the boards.3. Disconnect the antennas from the nanoNET TRX RF Test Modules.4. Carefully remove the nanoNET TRX RF Test Module from the MCF boards.5. Store the Evaluation Kit hardware in ESD protection bags.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 16 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 176. RF Performance Analysis ToolThe RF Performance Analysis Tool (RFPAT) provides a convenient means of evaluating thewireless link between two stations. It does so by evaluating the RF performance of the nanoNETTRX hardware. It enables the user to perform short and long term measurements of severaltypes of error rates for different nanoNET TRX register configurations. And since the RFPATapplication is also used for internal chip evaluation purposes, it gives access to many TRX chipregisters that are not used for common operations.The RFPAT application cannot be expected to demonstrate all features of the nanoNET TRXtransceiver. In fact, only a small fraction of features are used while many others remainuntouched, such as CSMA, RTS/CTS, real time clock, time beacon packets, TDMA mode, pack-ets longer than 128 bytes, and so on.The RFPAT tool consists of two parts: Firmware portion flashed onto the MCF Microcontroller BoardThis program accesses the nanoNET TRX hardware. It performs the transmission and recep-tion of packets and updates a variety of statistic counters. The two MCF boards included inthe kit have been pre-flashed with the firmware portion of the tool.Executable and a configuration file provided on the software CDThe executable RFPAT.exe is a GUI that runs on a Windows® PC. It sends commands to theMCF Microcontroller Board, reads the statistic counter values, calculates and averages thevalues and rates to be displayed, and then formats them appropriately. Figure 15: RF Performance Analysis Tool Version 7.02
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 18 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany6.1. Preparing for RF Evaluation Once the Evaluation Kit has been assembled and connected to a PC(s), prepare the RFPATapplication for RF evaluations as follows: 1. Start two instances of the RFPAT application, one for each TRX transceiver connected to theMCF board.2. Load the configuration files and verify that the settings have been written to each of the trans-ceivers.3. Select a test mode on the TX station.4. Select a test mode on the RX station.5. Perform the evaluation.These steps are described in detail in the remainder of this document. 6.2. Starting the RFPAT ApplicationIt is assumed in this section that the hardware of the Evaluation Kit has been set up and runningproperly. If not, refer to the document nanoNET TRX RF Performance Evaluation Kit Quick StartGuide for set up procedures. To start up the RFPAT application1. Ensure that the Evaluation Kit hardware is powered on and running, as described in "SettingUp the MCF Boards" on page 11.The LED L3 should be flashing intermittently on each MCF board indicating both boards arerunning properly.2. Start two instances of the RFPAT application RFPAT.exe (in the RFPAT_702_104 directory) . The Evaluation Kit requires two sets of stations for the evaluation of RF performance. There-fore, one instance of the application needs to be running for each of the two MCF boards inthe Kit. Launch a second instance of the application for the second MCF board.With two applications running, one will serve as a sending station (TX) while the second willserve as the receiving station (RX). Manually Selecting the COM PortsManual setting of the COM port is possible by choosing an available COM port from the drop-down list. If a different COM port is required than the one automatically selected by the RFPAT application,choose an available port from the dropdown list.On each running RFPAT application, a drop-down list is provided which shows all the availableCOM ports on the PC to which one (or both) of the MCF boards via the RS232 cable are con-nected. When the RFPAT application is launched, it searches for the first free COM port on thePC and automatically selects that free port. It appears as the port displayed. Figure 16: COM port drop-down list
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 196.3. Initializing and Selecting a Chip Register Settings FileThe chip register settings file is an ASCII configuration file that provides a set of parameters forthe specific chip on the RF Test Module included in the kit. It also provides additional configura-tion settings required for the RFPAT application (for example, autocalibration). The file can bevisually inspected, if required, to check which chip register settings are in the file. These samesettings are also displayed in the various fields of the RFPAT application user interface, wherethey can be overwritten, if required.To load the chip register settings file1. Select the Load button and navigate to the RFPAT directory that contains the configurationfile (same directory as the RFPAT application).Figure 17: Configuration file2. Select Open to initialize the chip registers with settings from the configuration file and to con-figure the RFPAT application. A message should appear indicating the initialization was suc-cessful.Figure 18: Configuration load successful messageIf the initialization was unsuccessful, a message should appear indicating the MCF EvaluationBoard is not responding correctly.Figure 19: Configuration load unsuccessful messageSome possible reasons for the error message include no power connection (is the LED L3flashing?), RS232 cable not connected properly, or the configuration file not compatible withthe chip on the RF Test Module.3. Click OK to complete the configuration load.After the values have been written to the chip, the frequency values of the Local ReceiveOscillator Capacitors (LoRxCaps) and Local Transmit Oscillator Capacitors (LoTxCaps) areread back from the chip and displayed in the RFPAT user interface, as shown below.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 20 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, GermanyFigure 20: Local receive and transmit oscillator capacitor settingsThis provides a means of verifying that the chip registers have been updated. If the LoRxCaps and LoTxCaps values are either 0x0000 or 0x0FFF, then the RFPAT firmwarehas not properly initialized the chip with the configuration values. In this case, reload the con-figuration file.After you have successfully run two instances of the RF Performance Evaluation Tool and initial-ized the chip with register settings, you are ready to start the measurements. See "Test Modes"on page 20.6.4. Initializing Chip with Default ValuesNormally, the loading of the configuration file will initialize the chip. However, if the RFPAT appli-cation attempts to communicate with the chip before the configuration file has been loaded, thechip will be initialized with default values taken from the firmware. A message should appear indi-cating this initialization.Figure 21: Chip initialization with default values messageAs with loading the configuration file, after the values have been written to the chip, the fre-quency values LoRxCaps and LoTxCaps are read back from the chip and displayed in theRFPAT application.6.5. Test ModesThe RFPAT application provides a wide range of test modes for evaluating the wireless link.Continuous Transmission ModeThis mode is used to determine the throughput of the wireless link by measuring the correctpayload receive rate.Reference Packet ModeThis mode is used for measuring the precise frame error rate, frame drop rate, and bit errorrate at a user-defined TX output power and payload size.Continuous Chirp Test ModeThis mode is used to determine the chip output power by sending a continuous stream ofchirps that can be measured by laboratory test equipment.
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 217. Antenna Specifications for Model 17010.11 This section provides the specifications for the antenna used by the nanoNET TRX, namely, Antenna Model 17010.11, as shown below:Figure 22: Model 17010.11Electrical Items SpecificationsModel 17010.11Type of antenna Sleeve dipole antennaFrequency range 2.40~2.48 GHzElectrical length 1 / 2 λNominal impedance 50 ΩPolarization VerticalV.S.W.R Less than 2.0Gain 2.15 dBiMechanical Items SpecificationsElement ø 0.1x7 CuAg -wireSleeve Urethane (black)Connector SMA-male (right angle)Antenna total length 90 ± 2mm
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 22 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany7.1. Vertical Diagram for Model 17010.11The following shows the vertical diagram for the antenna model 17010.11 measured at 2.40 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.50 GHzFigure 23: Vertical Diagram for Antenna model 17010.11Beam Peak ValuesNull Depth ValuesFrequency [dB] at [deg]2.40 GHz -0.61 -99.942,45 GHz -0.74 81.952,50 GHz -0.64 67.96Frequency [dB] at [deg]2.40 GHz -38.47 -4.002,45 GHz -53.94 -2.002,50 GHz -41.44 177.90
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXCopyright © 2005 All Rights Reserved NA-04-0000-0304-1.00Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany Page 237.2. Azimuth Diagram for Model 17010.11The following shows the Azimuth diagram for the antenna model 17010.11 measured at 2.40 GHz, 2.45 GHz, and 2.50 GHzFigure 24: Azimuth Diagram for Antenna model 17010.11Beam Peak ValuesNull depth valuesFrequency [dB] at [deg]2.40 GHz 0.85 61.972,45 GHz -0.38 111.942,50 GHz -0.69 143.92Frequency [dB] at [deg]2.40 GHz -2.26 135.922,45 GHz -3.57 125.932,50 GHz -2.59 113.94
nanoNET TRX User Manual (UserMan)FCC ID: SIFNANONET-TRXNA-04-0000-0304-1.00 Copyright © 2005 All Rights ReservedPage 24 Nanotron Technologies GmbH, Alt-Moabit 61, 10555 Berlin, Germany

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