Wavetronix SS105V SMARTSENSOR 105 User Manual 2

Wavetronix, LLC SMARTSENSOR 105 Users Manual 2

Contents

Users Manual 2

CHAPTER 3 - Getting Started with SmartSensor ManagerCHAPTER 4 - CommunicationCHAPTER 5 - Sensor SettingsCHAPTER 6 - Lane SetupCHAPTER 7 - Data CollectionCHAPTER 8 - ToolsCHAPTER 9 - Contact Closure CommunicationsUsing SmartSensor Manager Part II
3After the SmartSensor is installed, it must be congured to the roadway for proper operation. The SmartSensor Manager (SSM) software is used to perform this conguration.SmartSensor Manager brings increased user-friendliness and improved functionality to the ITS industry’s only patented auto-conguration and auto-calibration process. The new features found in SmartSensor Manager 2.2.8 include a redesigned New Connection page, a reorganized menu bar with new options, and expanded help capabilities to assist you in navigating SmartSensor Manager and performing basic operations.Installing SmartSensor ManagerFollow these steps to install SSM on a PC:To download the install le, go to the Wavetronix website at www.1 wavetronix.com.Click the 2 Support link near the top of the page. This will bring up a page with icons from the three dierent Wavetronix product lines.Click the SmartSensor icon. This will bring up drop-down menus allowing 3 you to select a product by name or part number.Select SmartSensor 105 or WX-SS-105. A list of links will appear.4 Select the 5 SmartSensor Manager link (it will be near the top) to download In this ChapterInstalling SmartSensor Manager About Screen Table of Contents Getting Started with SmartSensor Manager
34 CHAPTer 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGERthe SSM install le.A File Download window will pop up. Click 6 Save.In the Save As window, select where you would like the le to be saved, 7 then click Save.Once you’ve downloaded the le, double-click on it to open SmartSensor 8 Manager.About ScreenTo access information about the version of SmartSensor Manager you are using, as well as copyright information, go to Help>About SmartSensor Manager (see Figure 3.1).About SmartSensor ManagerFigure 3.1 – NoteThe newest version of SSM is always available on the Wavetronix website.Table of ContentsThis user guide presents the features of SmartSensor Manager in the order that they should be used when seing up and using your sensor. If you’d like to access information about features organized according to the way the software is laid out, however, you can use the Table of Contents feature.To access the Table of Contents, go to Help>Table of Contents. This will open the Table of Contents, which is a list of help subjects organized according to the layout of the SSM menu bar. The list is divided into the following three columns (see Figure 3.2):
35CHAPTer 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGERTable of Contents PageFigure 3.2 – Topic – Lists the available topics according to the setup of the software.Availability – Shows whether the information is available. If it is available, this column will show a Y. If it is not, this column and the one to the right of it will be blank.Type – Shows the type of information contained on the page. Pages marked Tutorial provide overview information; pages marked Context Sensitive have information specic to a particular function or operation.Open the desired information from the Table of Contents by either double-clicking on the subject in the list, or by highlighting the item and clicking the Display Help Topic buon (see Figure 3.3).
36 CHAPTer 3 o GETTING STARTED WITH SMARTSENSOR MANAGERHelp ScreenFigure 3.3 – NoteYou can also access the Table of Contents help information for a given page by pressing the F1 key while on that page. Additionally, some pages have question marks in the upper right-hand corner that lead to their Table of Contents help pages.You can access the Table of Contents page from anywhere in SmartSensor Manager; an active sensor connection is not needed. This enables you to get help information at any time, especially if information about connecting to a sensor is needed.Release NotesThe last entry in the Table of Contents is Release Notes, which, when selected, displays information on the current and previous versions of SSM. This information includes the version number, date of release (in YY/MM/DD format), and the new features added and issues resolved in each release.
4In this ChapterSerial Connection Modem Connection Internet Connection Firmware Upload Connection Properties Address Book Communication Error When the SmartSensor Manager application is opened, you will be taken to the New Connection page, where you will be able to connect using one of three connection options: serial, modem, or Internet. Choose the desired method of connection and click OK. The Serial (COM Port) radio buon will be selected by default (see Figure 4.1).You can also access the three connection options at any time by going to File>New Connection.NoteSelecting a connection type under File>New Connection while you are already connected will terminate your current connection. You can also end a connection by going to File>Close Connection.Communication
38 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONNew Connection PageFigure 4.1 – Clicking OK opens a connection page unique to each connection option. Each connection page contains three function buons: Advanced, Cancel, and one that allows you to connect or dial. The advanced functions for each connection option are specic for each option.Serial Connection To make a serial connection, click the Serial (COM Port) radio buon and then OK. The message below will appear (see Figure 4.2):Serial ConnectionFigure 4.2 – The three action buons appear near the boom of the page. The CONNECT buon will aempt to connect to the sensor using the current seings. The Cancel buon cancels the action and returns you to the New Connection page.A message bar at the boom, identied by the icon, displays the serial seings being used for this connection. If the default seings are used, then the message bar will display the following:COM - Auto; Baud - Auto; ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0
39CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONAdvanced Serial SettingsClick the Advanced buon to change the Advanced Connection seings (see Figure 4.3).Advanced Connection SettingsFigure 4.3 – PC Com Port Seings – By default, SSM is set to automatically detect PC com port & baud rate seings. To manually congure these seings, click the Specify PC com port & baud rate seings radio buon. This will activate the Port # and Baud Rate (bps) drop-down lists.Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the milliseconds text eld and enter the number of additional milliseconds SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio buon will activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor automatically synchronize with the PC clock.Click on the check box at the boom of the Advanced Connection Seings page to use the new seings as default. Click OK to save the new seings or Cancel to return to default; both buons will return you to the Serial Connection page. The new seings will be reected in the message bar at the boom of the page.
40 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONModem ConnectionClicking the Modem (Phone #) radio buon on the New Connection page and then clicking OK will allow you to connect to the SmartSensor using a modem. The Modem Connection page has a text box in which you can enter the phone number for the sensor’s modem (see Figure 4.4).Modem ConnectionFigure 4.4 – The phone book icon to the right of the text eld allows you to browse for numbers previously saved in the SmartSensor Manager address book (for more information, see the Address Book section later in this chapter). If you’d prefer to dial manually, click the Dial Manually check box beneath the text eld, then click on Dial. At this point you will need to pick up the telephone receiver and manually dial the phone number.NoteWhen this window is rst opened, the modem connection phone number you used most recently will automatically appear in the text eld.Once the number is entered, click Dial to make a connection. Click Cancel to stop the action and return to the New Connection page.The message bar at the boom of the page, identied by the icon, shows the modem seings being used. If the default seings are used, the message bar will display the following:ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0Advanced Modem SettingsThe following seings are part of the modem connection’s advanced functions and can be found by clicking the Advanced buon (see Figure 4.5):
41CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONAdvanced Modem SettingsFigure 4.5 – Local Modem Seings – The initialization string and auto-nd command can be entered in their respective text elds in the Local Modem Seings section. The Restore Defaults buon will return these functions to their default seings. The port number and baud rate will be automatically detected by SmartSensor Manager, so these seings cannot be changed.Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the milliseconds text eld and enter the number of additional milliseconds SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio buon will activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor automatically synchronize with the PC clock. Click the check box near the boom of the Advanced Connection Seings page to use the new seings as default. The OK buon saves the new seings and the Cancel buon cancels the changes; both buons return you to the Modem Connection page. The new seings will be displayed in the message bar at the boom of the page.
42 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONInternet ConnectionThe Internet (TCP/IP) option will allow you to connect to the SmartSensor using the sensor’s IP address. The Internet Connection page has two text boxes in which you can enter the sensor IP address and port number (see Figure 4.6). The Connect buon does not become active until both the IP address and port number boxes are lled. You can also establish an Internet connection using a domain name by entering that domain name in the IP address text eld.Internet ConnectionFigure 4.6 – NoteWhen this window is rst opened, the connection properties for the Internet connection you used most recently will automatically appear in the text elds.The IP icon next to the text elds allows you to browse through previously saved addresses in the SSM address book, which is especially useful if you are connecting to more than one sensor using an Internet connection. For more information, see the Address Book section of this chapter.Once the IP address and port number are entered, click Connect to make a connection. Click Cancel to stop the action and return to the New Connection page.The message bar at the boom of the page, identied by the icon, shows the Internet seings being used. If the default seings are used, the message bar will display the following:ID - Simple; Synchronize - Yes; Wait - 0Advanced Internet SettingsThe following seings are part of the Internet connection advanced functions and can be found by clicking the Advanced buon (see Figure 4.7):
43CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONAdvanced Internet SettingsFigure 4.7 – Additional Response Wait Time – By default, SmartSensor Manager waits a few milliseconds to receive a response from the sensor before timing out and displaying a communication error message. You can add additional milliseconds to the response wait time to give the program more time to make a connection. Click the Use an additional: check box to activate the milliseconds text eld and enter the number of additional milliseconds SmartSensor Manager should wait for a response from the sensor.SmartSensor Network Protocol – These options can be used to identify sensors that are part of a multi-drop network. The Simple protocol option refers to sensors that are not part of a multi-drop environment. If the sensor is part of a multi-drop network, SmartSensor Manager can either auto-detect the multi-drop ID, or you can enter the four-digit ID. Clicking the Use Multidrop Protocol… Connect Directly to ID: radio buon will activate the text box so you can enter the ID number.Time Synchronization – Click the check box to have SmartSensor automatically synchronize with the PC clock. Click the check box near the boom of the Advanced Connection Seings page to use the new seings as default. The OK buon saves the new seings and the Cancel buon cancels the changes; both buons return you to the Internet Connection page. The new seings will be displayed in the message bar at the boom of the page.Firmware UploadIf the rmware installed onboard the SmartSensor is not the same as the rmware bundled with the SSM software, the Firmware/Software Compatibility screen may appear after you’ve nished connecting. This screen gives you four options: Upload, Exit SmartSensor Manager, Continue w/o upload, and View Details (see Figure 4.8).
44 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONFirmware/Software Compatibility ScreenFigure 4.8 – UploadSelecting Upload will upload the bundled rmware to the sensor, thereby eliminating any compatibility problems. The amount of time it takes to complete the upload depends primarily on your connection speed, but usually varies from 1 to 10 minutes.During the upload process, you can cancel at any time. However, if the FPGA rmware was incompatible and the new version was not fully loaded before you pressed Cancel, the sensor will revert back to a factory-installed version of the FPGA rmware upon reboot of the sensor. The factory-installed version of the FPGA rmware may not be the same as the last version you were running on the sensor. In this case, you will need to re-upload the version of FPGA rmware you’d like to have on the sensor (see chapter 8 for information on how to do this). This does not occur when you cancel an upload of DSP rmware.If the upload completes successfully, the sensor will need to reboot and restart before the new rmware will take eect. The restart should take about 15 seconds.Exit SmartSensor ManagerIf you are unsure what to do, you should press the Exit SmartSensor Manager buon. When you have decided what to do, you can reconnect to the sensor.In some cases, you may have simply connected to the sensor with the wrong version of SmartSensor Manager. Press the Exit SmartSensor Manager buon to close your current connection and quit the program. Once you have quit this version of SmartSensor Manager, you can then connect up with the version you originally intended. Continue w/o uploadIf you are determined to continue using this version of SmartSensor Manager to interact with the sensor, but have good reason not to upload the bundled rmware, you can press the Continue w/o Upload buon. With this choice, SmartSensor Manager nishes establishing the connection and continues normal execution. However, depending on the nature of incompatibilities between the sensor’s rmware and SmartSensor Manager, unexpected errors may result. View DetailsDierences between the sensor’s rmware and the rmware bundled with
45CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONSmartSensor Manager can be viewed by clicking on View Details. The dierences between the two versions will be highlighted in red. Knowing the details of the detected dierences may help you make a more informed decision about how to proceed (see Figure 4.9).View DetailsFigure 4.9 – Version – Shows the software version.Programmable Hardware – Shows the FPGA version.Year – Shows the year of of the version’s release in YY format.Algorithm/Month – Shows the month of the version’s release in MM format, as well as the operating mode; this will appear as an S for side re mode and an F for forward re mode.Day.Application – Shows the day of the version’s release in DD format as well as the current application; this will appear as an S for sensor or a D for diagnostic.Connection PropertiesInformation about the current connection can be accessed on the Current Connection Properties page, which is found under File>Properties (see Figure 4.10).
46 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONCurrent Connection PropertiesFigure 4.10 – The page shows the following information about your connection:Type – Shows the type of connection (serial, modem or Internet). This will say Disconnected if the software is not currently connected to a sensor. Port / Phone # / Address – Displays information about the connection endpoint. This will vary based on the kind of connection made.Protocol – Indicates whether sensor is on a multi-drop network or a simple sensor network.Response Wait Time – Shows the wait time information for each sensor. The rst box shows the number of milliseconds SmartSensor Manager will automatically wait for a response from a specic sensor. SmartSensor Manager determines this number by averaging recent sensor response times, so this number may uctuate slightly when the Re-calculate buon is clicked. The second box shows the number of additional seconds you have added under the Advanced Seings page for your connection; this number can be changed on this screen. The third box shows the total number of seconds SSM will wait for a response. Click the Save As Default buon to save the new seings as default.Click OK to close the window.Address BookThe address book can save connection information for both modem and Internet connections, allowing you to access this information later and connect quickly without reentering IP addresses, modem numbers and so on.Accessing the Address BookThe address book can be accessed in two ways:Go to  File>Address Book. This will give you two options: New and Open. Selecting New will open a directory box where you can create a new address book le (.abf). Creating an address book le will not immediately open the new le.
47CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONSelect Open to access the most recently created or accessed address book le. This option is divided into two choices, Modem Entries and Internet Entries (see Figure 4.11). Selecting these will allow you to access all the modem or Internet entries in the address book. If you have not yet created an address book le, you will be prompted to do so now. Accessing Address Book through the Menu BarFigure 4.11 – Begin to make a new modem or Internet connection, either through File>New Connection or the New Connection screen. In the connection screen that comes up, click the book icon next to the text eld. This will access the address book specic to that type of connection. If you have not yet created an address book le, you will be asked to do so.NoteBy default, accessing the address book will open the address book le (.abf) that you most recently had open. As a single .abf can store both modem and Internet connection information, it will usually not be necessary to have multiple address book les stored on your computer. If you do have more than one le, however, you can switch back and forth by going to File>Address Book>New. Instead of creating a new le, however, select the le you wish to access and click OK. Now when you go to File>Address Book>Open or you select the address book icon on a connection screen, it will default to this most recently opened le.Using the Address BookNo maer how you access the address book, using it is the same. The information available and visible will dier, however, based on what kind of connection you’re making. If you’re looking at modem entries, the screen will display three columns: Phone Number, Sensor ID and Description (see Figure 4.12). The Internet entries have ve columns: IP Alias, IP Address, TCP Port, Sensor ID and Description.
48 CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONAddress Book for Modem EntriesFigure 4.12 – Use the buons in the address book to work with entries and make connections:Select – Selects an entry to use to connect. When you have chosen the entry you would like to use to connect, highlight it in the list and click Select. This will close the address book and enter the desired information into the connection page.NoteWhen accessing the Address Book screen using the menu options, the Select buon is disabled. You will be able to edit the address book entries, but will not be able to connect unless you use the Modem or Internet Connection Screens.New – Creates a new entry. Select New and enter the desired information. In a modem connection, this is the phone number of the modem, the sensor ID number and a description of the connection for your own information.If you are adding an Internet connection entry, you have two options for the address: an IP address or a domain name. With both options you must also specify the TCP port number. If you use a domain name, the domain name must be entered as the IP alias and you should not enter an IP address, since the domain name may resolve to one or more dynamic IP addresses. When you enter both an IP address and an IP alias, SmartSensor Manager will add an entry to the Windows HOSTS le on your computer. In this case, the IP alias can be a simple text string (or a domain name that is tied to a xed IP address). You may want to use a simple text string to help identify IP addresses that do not have a domain name. Edit – Allows you to edit the information contained in a highlighted entry.Delete – Deletes the selected entry.Close – Exits out of the address book.
49CHAPTer 4 o COMMUNICATIONCommunication ErrorThe Communication Error screen will appear if SmartSensor Manager can no longer communicate with the sensor. If such an error occurs, the Communication Error screen will give you the following options (see Figure 4.13):Retry – Tells SSM to try to communicate with the sensor again.Cancel – Stops the current operation as well as other operations that may be in process.Details – Shows error details.Communication Error with Details ScreenFigure 4.13 – Clicking the Details buon will access additional information specic to this problem:Operation – Shows the operation SSM is trying to accomplish.Response Error – Shows the response error SSM has encountered.Error Code – Gives the error code related to the specic error.Reliability – Indicates the percentage of communication aempts that were successfully completed.Automatic Retries – Shows the number of times the SSM automatically aempts to reconnect before showing the communication error screen.Response Timeout – Displays the total number of milliseconds that SSM waited before timing out the requested operation.If you retry multiple times to communicate with the sensor and it still doesn’t work, the problem can often be xed by editing the additional response wait time, found in the Advanced Seings page for your connection.
In this Chapter Sensor Info Sensor Settings Sensor Date & Time Operating Mode There are several ways to access and change sensor seings using SSM.Sensor InfoGoing to File>Sensor Info opens the Sensor Information page, which displays the properties unique to each sensor (see Figure 5.1). Sensor InformationFigure 5.1 – Although the information cannot be edited, there must be an active connection to view the Sensor Information page. The page is divided into two sections, Identication and Firmware Versions. 5Sensor Settings
52 CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS The Identication section information includes the following:Serial Number – Shows the 16-digit serial number given to the sensor by the manufacturer. It can be used to uniquely identify the sensor.Description – Shows the 32-character, user-created sensor description as set using the Sensor Seings screen (for more information, see the Sensor Seings section later in this chapter). It is used to describe the sensor and/or the installation site.Location – Displays the 32-character, user-created location description as set using the Sensor Seings screen (for more information, see the Sensor Seings section later in this chapter). It is used to describe the location of the sensor.Sensor ID – Shows the 4-digit numeric string used to identify the sensor on a multi-drop network. You can set this ID number using the Sensor Seings screen (for more information, see the Sensor Seings section later in this chapter). The SmartSensor Multi-drop protocol uses the sensor ID to uniquely address sensors on a shared bus.Serial Interface – Indicates which of the sensor’s four ports it is using to communicate. The four ports are RS-232, RS-485, EXP-A, and EXP-B.NoteThe two expansion ports (EXP-A and B) are currently not available for use.The Firmware Versions section shows on which versions of DSP (Digital Field Processing) and FPGA (Field Programmable Gain Amplier) the sensor is operating.Sensor SettingsYou can both view and change certain sensor options and information in the Sensor Seings page. To access this page, go to Edit>Sensor Seings. If no sensor connection is active, selecting this will open a directory box, allowing you to nd SmartSensor conguration (.ssc) les that are saved on your computer. You can also use this directory box to create a new .ssc le. The Sensor Seings page is divided into three tabs: General, Communication and Data Collection. Only the General and Communication tabs will be discussed here; the Data Collection tab will be discussed in chapter 7.General TabThe General tab allows you to edit the following seings (see Figure 5.2):
53CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGSGeneral TabFigure 5.2 – Serial Number – Shows the 16-digit serial number given to the sensor by the manufacturer, used to uniquely identify the sensor. This is the only seing on this screen that cannot be edited.SmartSensor (Multidrop) ID – Allows you to enter a 4-character ID number. This number is used to identify the sensor on a multi-drop network. Each sensor on such a network must have a unique ID number. This number is referred to on the Sensor Information page as the sensor ID. RTMS ID – Lets you change the RTMS ID. The SmartSensor has been designed to utilize other protocols for those cases when there might already be a project built around another type of sensor. If you choose to communicate using the RTMS protocol, all you need is the RTMS ID.NoteThe RTMS ID number 13 cannot be used for polled communications.Description – Allows you to create a description of the sensor and/or installation site for identication purposes. The description may be up to 32 characters long and will be displayed on the Sensor Information page.Location – Allows you to enter the location of the sensor for identication purposes. The location may be up to 32 characters long and will be displayed on the Sensor Information page.Orientation – Lets you select, from a drop-down menu, the direction the sensor is facing. The orientation does not aect sensor operation or alignment and is simply for your information.
54 CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS Measurement Units – Allows you to choose between English and metric measurements. Metric units are entered in decimeters so that the metric and English units can be converted more accurately.RF Channel – This allows you to assign specic RF channels to sensors that are installed in close proximity to each other to prevent the sensors from interfering with each other.Communication TabThe Communication tab allow you to change the following seings (see Figure 5.3):Communications TabFigure 5.3 – Baud Rates – Allows you to set the baud rate for the each of the sensor’s four connection ports. To change the baud rate, simply click on the drop-down menu and select the desired rate. Besides the standard RS-232 and RS-485 ports, there are also two other expansion ports. These expansion ports are currently not available for use.Response Delays (milliseconds) – Allows you to change the number of milliseconds that the sensor will delay before responding. This is useful if you ever aach the sensor to communication equipment that cannot handle the speed with which the sensor responds to message requests. You can change the response delay for each of the four connection ports separately by entering the desired number of milliseconds. If you are not able to determine the amount of delay required by consulting the communication equipment’s documentation, you will need to determine this number by trial and error.
55CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGSNoteIf you increase the response delay, you should also increase the additional response wait time that SmartSensor Manager uses when communicating to the sensor.Advanced Comm Register – The Advanced Comm Register on the SmartSensor holds two seings: Simple Protocol and Flow Control. The rst seing selects whether Simple SmartSensor protocol is enabled or disabled. By default Simple protocol is enabled. Networks comprised of simply one sensor can use the Simple protocol. However, if there is more than one sensor on the network, this protocol can cause communication messages to be broadcast unintentionally. These messages can result in collisions and even ongoing chaer between sensors on a multi-drop network. If you are seing up a multi-drop network of sensors, you should connect to them one by one and disable Simple protocol. To disable Simple protocol, select Disabled from the drop-down list. Simple protocol must also be disabled if you plan on using RTMS protocol.The second seing selects whether ow control handshaking is enabled or disabled on the sensor. Flow control is a hardware handshaking protocol used by some communication equipment. If your communication equipment requires handshaking, you will need to enable this by selecting RTS/CTS from the drop down menu.NoteIf you have established a serial connection, enabling RTS/CTS handshaking will cause you to lose communication with SmartSensor Manager unless you rst short the RTS/CTS lines on the sensor.Data Push Setup – Allows you to enable and congure data push. SmartSensor communicates trac data in either Data Polled mode or Data Push mode. By default the SmartSensor is in Data Polled mode. In Data Polled mode, a trac data collection device must periodically poll the sensor to retrieve the most recent information. Data Polled mode is preferred if multiple sensors share the same data bus, so that the data transmied over the connection will not be corrupted or lost by collisions.In Data Push mode, the sensor is set up to transmit any new data it generates automatically (without any prompting by the collection device). In Data Push mode there is no arbitration of the data bus, and data messages sent by dierent sensors can collide, causing information to be
56 CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS lost. However, if there is only one sensor connected to the data bus, there should be no collisions in data push mode.Before you change to Data Push mode, select the desired port and data type from the drop-down lists provided. You can set the sensor up to push data over more than one port. You can also set it up to push multiple types of data over the same port. To change to Data Push mode, click on the Enabled checkbox next to each one of the four ports you wish to enable.Data Collection TabThe Data Collection tab allows you to edit the following seings (see Figure 5.7):Data Collection TabFigure 5.4 – Interval Data – Allows you to specify the length of your intervals as well as how those intervals are stored. The interval refers to the time (in seconds) that trac data is aggregated (minimum interval is ve seconds). Interval data is stored directly into the sensor’s SRAM memory, which is volatile and will not persist after a power cycle. The number of intervals is limited to 246. You can also tell the sensor to move the data from SRAM to the sensor’s ash memory by clicking the Store in Flash Memory check box. This protects the data because ash memory persists after power cycles. The capacity in ash is about ten times greater than SRAM. If the Store in Flash Memory box is not checked, the interval data will remain in SRAM until it is overwrien. Flash storage management features are explained in greater depth in the Data Collection Setup section of chapter 7.Vehicle Classication – Lets you customize vehicle classications by length. Enter the maximum length amounts for small and medium class vehicles in the active text boxes and SmartSensor Manager will
57CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGSautomatically determine the minimum lengths.Lane Setup – Allows you to change specic lane information such as lane name and direction of travel, for your own information and for identication.You can also change scale occupancy (loop size) and scale speed (loop spacing). The entry in these columns for each lane represents the manual scaling applied to the occupancy/duration and speed data. The occupancy scale factor is the ratio of each lane’s loop size to the default loop size. The speed scale factor is the ratio of each lane’s loop spacing to that of the default loop spacing. You can modify the scale factors by clicking on the arrows to the right of each box.NoteInterval occupancy is derived from event duration, so the occupancy scale factor scales both the duration and the occupancy. Additionally, the length-based event classication is derived from the event duration and the event speed, so scaling either the speed or the duration will impact the classication results.The Show Loop Values buon allows you to toggle quickly between the loop values and the corresponding scale factors.Default Loop Size & Spacing – Lets you enter default values which, when applied, will automatically update the information for each lane. The terms “loop size” and “loop spacing” are used since in many cases you will be using these values to scale the occupancy and speed to match those of dual loops. The loop size and loop spacing (space between loops) are specied in inches or centimeters.Extension Time – Allows you to increase the time, in milliseconds, on the countdown timer that the sensor uses in detection. Adding time can help reduce the occurrence of vehicles with trailers being detected twice. However, increasing the time also increases the likelihood that one vehicle being tailgated by another will result in a single detection.NoteThe lane name, lane direction, and interval data seings on this page can also be changed on other pages. The rest of the seings can only be changed here.Saving and Restoring Sensor SettingsOnce you have made changes to your seings, use the four buons at the boom
58 CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGS of the screen to save the changes from all three tabs. You can also use these buons to discard all your changes and return to the old seings.Save to Sensor – Saves the changes you’ve just made to the sensor. If you do not push this buon after making changes, they will be lost when you navigate away from this page.Open from Sensor – Returns all seings to those currently saved on the sensor.Save to File – Saves the seings currently entered in the Sensor Seings screens to a SmartSensor conguration le (.ssc) on your computer. This seing can be used to back up your seings; additionally, if you’re not connected to your sensor, you can change seings, save them to a le, and use the le to update your sensor once you’re connected again.NoteUsing the Save to File function does not save the changes to your sensor. If you want to update and then back up your sensor, you need to use both Save to File and Save to Sensor.Open from File – Restores seings from an existing .ssc le. Once the seings have been restored, you must click Save to Sensor if you want the sensor updated with the restored seings.NoteReturn to this page to back up your sensor after you’ve completed the steps to congure your lanes and data collection.Sensor Date & TimeTo ensure that the data collected is timestamped correctly, use the Sensor Date & Time screen, located at Edit>Sensor Date & Time (see Figure 5.5).Change the date by selecting the correct date from the drop-down lists (month, day, and year) or use the calendar to scroll to the correct date. Change the time by selecting the correct time (hour, minutes, and seconds) from the drop-down lists. Click the check box below the calendar to automatically adjust for local computer time and daylight savings time seings. The check box at the boom of the page will automatically synchronize sensor to PC UTC time at a certain interval you can dene in the text eld.
59CHAPTer 5 o SENSOR SETTINGSSensor Date & TimeFigure 5.5 – The Sensor Date & Time page includes the following three function buons: Clocks icon – Performs a one-time synch of the sensor to the PC’s UTC time. Disk icon – Saves the new seings.Arrow icon – Undoes the changes.Operating ModeSelecting Edit>Operating Mode allows you to switch between Side Fire and Forward Fire operation modes. While Side Fire mode is standard, Forward Fire mode allows you to detect trac from a forward-facing position, such as when the sensor is mounted on a bridge across the road. With this setup, however, the sensor can only detect one lane at a time and cannot detect cars until after they’ve passed the mounting location. If you’re interested in a forward-facing sensor, consider the SmartSensor Advance, which can detect vehicles in multiple lanes up to 500 ft. (152.4 m) in advance.If you would like to use the SmartSensor 105 in Forward Fire mode, call Wavetronix Technical Services at 801-764-0277 for assistance and further instruction.
In this ChapterLane Conguration – Automatic Lane Conguration – Manual Verifying Lane Conguration Seing up lanes is simple in SmartSensor Manager because the software will do it for you with the click of a buon. Additionally, if SmartSensor Manager is unable to correctly congure due to barriers, obstacles or irregular lanes, you can use the Manual Conguration mode to adjust.NoteFree-owing trac in each lane is required for proper conguration. Light or sporadic trac may result in slower congurations.Lane Conguration – AutomaticFollow the steps below to automatically congure lanes in SmartSensor Manager:Select 1 Edit>Lane Conguration. Once the Lane Conguration page opens, click on the 2 Automatic buon.If you would like to set constraints on the conguration through the 3 Edit Range Blinders or Manage Gain buons, do so now. For more information on these options see the sections on them in the following pages.Click the 4 Restart buon at the lower right.Conrm the conguration restart by clicking 5 Yes in the box that appears 6Lane Setup
62 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUP(see Figure 6.1). SmartSensor Manager will now automatically begin detecting and conguring lanes, and the screen will show a visual depiction of the lanes and vehicle detections in real time.Conrming Automatic Lane CongurationFigure 6.1 – After the lanes have been detected and congured correctly, save the 6 conguration by clicking the Finished buon. The time required for conguration depends on the volume of trac present in the lanes, but is typically only a few minutes. NoteAfter clicking the Finished buon, wait for one minute before turning o the sensor. During this time the sensor is completing adjustments of the conguration thresholds. Typically this is not a problem because verication may be needed in Trac View after clicking Finished. The verication process will normally be longer than one minute.Edit Range BlindersRange blinders are an optional seing available in Automatic mode. Using range blinders will narrow the search area of the automatic lane conguration process (range blinders have no eect in Manual Conguration mode), allowing you to congure faster and avoid conguring undesired lanes such as frontage roads. Use the steps below to successfully edit the range blinders:Click the1 Range Blinders buon. Red bars (range blinders) will appear at the top and boom of the roadway display and any previously displayed roadways will be cleared.
63CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPClick on one of the range blinders and drag its edge to the desired range 2 (refer to the range markers on the left side of the screen).Repeat Step 2 for the other range blinder if necessary.3 Click the4 Restart buon to apply the range blinders. When the range blinders are applied, they will turn from a red color to a dark khaki color. To cancel and use the default ranges, or to start over, or click the Range Blinders buon again.After the lanes are detected and congured correctly, save the 5 conguration by clicking the Finished buon. After clicking the Finished buon, the SmartSensor will begin storing vehicle data. The time required for conguration depends on the volume of trac present in the lanes, but is typically only a few minutes.NoteAfter clicking the Restart buon, detected vehicles (represented by moving blue rectangles) will be displayed only if a range blinder does not cover the lane center. If the edge of a range blinder lies between two lanes of the same road, some manual adjustment of the gray line (usually reserved to indicate a road shoulder) may need to be made. The edge of the road shown in the display is really a lane divider. Manage GainManaging gain is an optional seing available in Automatic mode. During the automatic conguration process, the sensor’s gain is automatically adjusted in order to best process the radar signal at that particular installation site. In some locations the reections from vehicles may be stronger than in other locations, and the gain will need to be lowered in order to optimize detection accuracy. For the gain to be optimally adjusted by the automatic process, the sensor needs to be:Aligned almost exactly perpendicular to all the lanes of the roadway.Still conguring while several large vehicles (that return strong reections) pass through the beam in the lanes closest to the sensor.In some locations, and at particular times of the day, it may be dicult to meet these two requirements. In these cases, click the Manage Gain buon to change the starting point of the automatic gain adjustment process. The default starting point is a gain value of 5. The adjustment process never increases the gain value; it only decreases it. The starting point is therefore also the maximum gain value. A new starting point will only be applied after clicking the Restart buon. During the automatic conguration process, the sensor’s current gain value is displayed in the status bar at the boom of the screen.
64 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPNo adjustments to the gain can be made once the conguration is saved to the sensor. However, the detection thresholds congured for the sensor during the automatic conguration process are based upon the current level of the gain and will continue to adapt for up to one minute after clicking the Finished buon. NoteThe default starting point of 5 is also the largest starting point allowed. If you enter a value larger than 5 the default starting point of 5 will be used. If you are managing the gain, you should generally change the starting point to a 3 or 4.Lane Conguration – ManualIf the sensor is unable to automatically congure itself to your satisfaction, you can manually congure it by adding, removing or adjusting lanes, lane dividers and lane centers.To make changes in Manual mode:With the Lane Conguration page open, select the 1 Manual buon; the buons in the toolbar on the right of the screen will change from gray to black (see Figure 6.2).Manual Lane CongurationFigure 6.2 – Selecting a buon in the toolbar will allow you to make changes using the 2 roadview window on the left.
65CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPOnce you’ve made the necessary adjustments, hit 3 Finished to save your changes.Adjust LanesThe Adjust Lanes buon allows you to click your cursor on any visible shoulder (gray line), lane divider (white line) or lane center (pink line) and drag it to the desired position (see Figure 6.3). The cursor will change from an arrow to a hand when it is positioned over a “draggable” line. Lane centers (pink lines) only appear when the cursor is placed directly over them. To adjust the lane center, click and hold the mouse and move the line up or down on the screen, but only within the area between the shoulders. Notice that shoulders, dividers, or centers cannot be dragged past each other. ShoulderLane DividerLane CenterAdjusting LanesFigure 6.3 – Paint and Remove LinesThe Paint Lines buon allows you to add new lanes by inserting lane dividers in paved (black) areas. SmartSensor Manager allows a maximum of eight lanes.Again, the cursor will change from an arrow to a hand when it is positioned directly over a location where it is possible to paint a lane divider. When the cursor appears as a hand, click and a white line will appear.To remove a lane divider, click on the Remove Lines buon, select the white line you want to remove and click the left mouse buon (again, wait for the cursor to become a hand). Remove LaneThe Remove Lane buon allows you to remove entire lanes by moving the
66 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPcursor to the desired lane. When the arrow changes to a hand, click and the selected lane will disappear.Construct and Remove RoadsTo insert a new road, click on the Construct Roads buon and select a location anywhere in the background (khaki-colored) area. Make sure the cursor appears as a hand and then click to draw the road. Because new roads are initially drawn with an upper shoulder line, a centerline and a lower shoulder line, you will usually need to adjust your road to the desired width using the Adjust Lanes function.To remove an entire road, including all lanes, click on the Remove Roads buon and click on the road you wish to remove.Construct and Remove BarriersConstructing a barrier or median is essentially the act of dividing a single road into two separate roads. SmartSensor Manager denes a barrier or median as two adjacent shoulder lines or two shoulder lines with only background (khaki-colored) areas in between them.To construct a barrier or median, click on the Construct Barriers buon and move the cursor to the paved area where you want to insert the barrier. When the cursor changes from an arrow to a hand, click and the barrier will appear. Initially, the new barrier is only two shoulder lines wide. To widen the barrier, use the Adjust Lanes feature as explained earlier.You may also remove a barrier, or convert two roads into a single road, by clicking on the Remove Barrier buon and selecting the barrier you wish to delete.Reverse DirectionOnce the conguration process has been completed, you will notice that SmartSensor Manager shows all detected vehicles moving in the same direction. The Reverse Direction buon enables you to change the direction of travel depicted in SmartSensor Manager so that each lane reects the actual direction traveled by detected vehicles. To do this, press the Reverse Direction buon and move the cursor over the lane you wish to change. Once the cursor is in place, the cursor will again change from an arrow to a hand and a tiny arrow will appear below the hand to indicate the current direction of that lane (see Figure 6.4).
67CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPAfterBeforeReverse DirectionFigure 6.4 – Click the mouse, and the arrow will reverse direction to verify the change has occurred. Using the Reverse Direction buon only aects the SmartSensor Manager display, not the sensor or any detections, and is useful for verifying performance.Edit Lane NamesBy default, the SmartSensor identies the lanes it congures as lane 1 up to lane 8, where lane 1 is located closest to the sensor. However, you may wish to assign lane numbers dierently with the Edit Lane Names window (see Figure 6.5).
68 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPEditing Lane NamesFigure 6.5 – To do this, click on the Edit Lane Name buon and the Edit Lane Names window will appear. Highlight the current lane name by double-clicking on it, then type in the lane’s new alphanumeric identication of up to eight characters. Lane names can also be changed by going to Sensor Seings and clicking on the Data Collection tab (see chapter 7 for more information).Saving the CongurationOnce all congurations are completed, the changes must be updated in the SmartSensor’s ash memory (lane changes won’t take eect until after the sensor has been updated). Update all manual changes by clicking the Update buon located below the manual tool buons (see Figure 6.6). The process of updating the conguration takes only seconds. Once the process is completed, SmartSensor Manager will remain on the Lane Conguration page so that any manual changes made may be viewed and easily changed if needed.Update, Undo, and Restart ButtonsFigure 6.6 – Undoing Manual ChangesUnsaved changes may be undone without repeating the manual conguration process. Click on the Undo buon found below the manual tool buons (see Figure 6.6). This tool retrieves the last saved conguration from the SmartSensor, eectively undoing any unsaved changes that were made.
69CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPRestarting Lane CongurationsTo completely erase the SmartSensor’s current conguration and restart the lane conguration routine, change from Manual back to Automatic mode by clicking on the Automatic buon and then clicking on the Restart buon located near the Update and Undo buons below the Manual toolbar (see Figure 6.6).This erases all manual changes that have been made, and the SmartSensor Manager will automatically recongure the road for you. After clicking on the Restart buon, a window will be displayed asking whether you want to proceed (see Figure 6.7). Click on Yes to continue or on No to quit this procedure.Conrmation of RestartFigure 6.7 – Exiting the Lane Conguration PageOnce all automatic and manual congurations have been completed, you may perform a nal save and exit the Lane Conguration page by clicking on the Finished buon located at the boom right of the screen.A window will appear indicating that the changes are being saved to the SmartSensor. After the changes have been saved, SmartSensor Manager will automatically change from Lane Conguration to Trac (Event) Data View mode so that you can verify lane conguration.Verifying Lane CongurationAfter you click Finished on the Lane Conguration page, SmartSensor Manager will take you immediately to the View Trac (Event Data) page. Here you can view your saved lane conguration and see trac in real time, allowing you to verify that the lanes have been congured correctly.The other way to view data is the Interval Data screen, which shows numerical data gathered per lane by the sensor. You can switch back and forth between the two screens with the toggle buon in the lower right corner of each screen; this buon will be marked with the name of the screen you’re going to switch to.The Trac (Event) Data and Interval Data screens can both also be accessed through the View menu.
70 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPNote If the connection’s additional response wait time is greater than 500 ms, event and actuation information is not displayed on the screen.Trafc (Event) DataIn Event mode, this screen allows you to verify the SmartSensor’s conguration by comparing the trac on the road to event information shown in the window (see Figure 6.8). In order to keep a record of your verication results, the event data can also be saved to a log le while you remain on this screen.View Trafc (Event) DataFigure 6.8 – The window can also be used to verify true presence information by switching to Actuation mode (click the A icon).NoteA status bar below the Trac View window indicates whether you are in Event mode or Actuation mode.By default, Trac View launches in Event mode. In Event mode, the vehicles (represented by the blue rectangles) appear after having passed through the radar detection zone.
71CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPThe four icons located at the boom of the screen are active in this mode. They are, from left to right:View Event Counter – Brings up a real-time volume counter lane by lane (see Figure 6.9). Each time a vehicle enters and leaves the radar detection zone, the volume for the corresponding lane will increment accordingly. If counting needs to be paused for any reason, click on the Pause buon; click the Play buon to resume counting. Any vehicles that were detected by the SmartSensor while the event counter was paused will not be shown in Volume. Clicking the Reset buon will clear the volume count and will begin a fresh count.Event CounterFigure 6.9 – Turn Event Logging On and O – Allows you to log the information you’re currently seeing. When you switch event logging on, you will be prompted to create a new log le if there is not already an existing one. With event logging turned on, all of the event data is wrien to a log le on the computer that can then be viewed later. To turn event logging o, click on the icon again. No other visible changes occur while turning event logging on and o. Event logging remains on as long as you are in the Trac View screen. If you switch to another screen of SmartSensor Manager, and then come back to the Trac View window, event logging will have been turned o. View Event Log – Opens the current event log le in a text editor, such as Notepad (see Figure 6.10). Event LogFigure 6.10 – The event log le breaks down each event and reports back the event Timestamp, Lane Name, Duration, Event Speed, Class, and Count. The
72 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPtimestamp, which is formaed using the local time zone seings on your computer in hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds, is the time the vehicle entered the detection zone. The lane name is a string of eight alphanumeric characters that describe the lane. The duration is the number of 2.5ms ticks that elapsed while the vehicle was in the sensor’s detection zone. The event speed represents the speed of the vehicle, displayed either in miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph). The class indicates into which one of three length-based classication groupings (0=Small, 1=Medium, and 2=Large) the vehicle ts. The count is the time the vehicle entered the detection zone encoded as the number of 2.5ms ticks counted on the sensor since the beginning of the day (UTC time).NoteEach time the Turn Event Logging On and O buon is pressed, a new header is created in the log le.Actuation/Event Toggle – Changes between Actuation and Event modes. Clicking on the icon when an “A” is displayed changes the mode from Event to Actuation. Clicking on the icon when an “E” is displayed changes the mode from Actuation to Event mode.In Actuation mode, the three leftmost icons are inactive, and the vehicles are displayed as long as they are present in the detection zone.Interval DataThis screen allows you to verify interval data accuracy. The most recent interval data is displayed on the screen (see Figure 6.11). In order to keep a record of your verication results, the interval data can also be saved to a log le while you remain on this screen.
73CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPView Interval DataFigure 6.11 – Before interval data verication is performed, do the following:Specify the desired interval length in the Interval (Bin) Size edit box. To do 1 this, enable the edit box by pressing Edit, then type the desired length of the interval in seconds and press Submit. The minimum interval allowed is ve seconds. If you must cancel your changes, press Cancel and Refresh. Pressing Refresh buon will restore the current interval length.Synchronize the sensor time to your computer’s UTC time. This will 2 ensure that intervals will begin and end at the expected time. Intervals are timestamped at the end of the interval. To synchronize the sensor time, click the Synchronize icon, which shows two overlapping clocks.The other two icons near the boom of the page are for logging data:Turn Interval Data Logging On/O – Turns event logging on and o. Click on the icon (it shows a clock and light switch) to toggle the switch on and o. Once you’ve turned it on, you will be prompted to create a new log le if there is not already an existing one. Now all of the data shown on the screen will be wrien to a standard text le that can be viewed at any time. View Interval Data Log – Opens the log le in a text editor such as Notepad (see Figure 6.12). The icon shows a clock and paper.Interval Data LogFigure 6.12 –
74 CHAPTer 6 o LANE SETUPThe interval data in the Interval Data Screen is displayed in a table that contains the lane name, volume, speed, occupancy, and class. The lane at the top of the table is the lane closest to the sensor. At the boom of the screen is a status bar that indicates the time the interval data table was last updated. It also displays the amount of time that has elapsed since this update.Lane Name – Displays the string of eight alphanumeric characters that describes the lane.Volume – Shows the number of events during the interval.Interval Lane Speed – Represents the average speed of the lane during the time of the interval. The speed is displayed either in miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph), depending on your seings.Occupancy – Displays the percentage of time vehicles occupied the sensor’s detection zone during the selected interval.Class – Represents the percentage of vehicles detected as ing in one of three length-based classication groupings (Small, Medium, and Large).NoteTo open data logs from anywhere in the Smart Sensor Manager program, go to File>Data Logs . . . >Open and select the type of log. This will open the most recently used log.
In this ChapterData Collection Setup Data Download Data Logs Once you’ve set up your sensor and lanes, you can collect data for studies. This chapter outlines the steps necessary for data collectionData Collection SetupGo to Data Collection>Setup to prepare your sensor for a study. The screen that appears is divided into two steps: Congure Data Storage and Congure the Sensor (see Figure 7.1). 7Data Collection
76 CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTION Data Collection SetupFigure 7.1 – Step 1: Congure Data Storage The Interval (Bin) Size option species the interval of time over which trac variables like volume, speed, occupancy and classication are aggregated. This type of data is called interval data. The minimum interval allowed is ve seconds.By default, the checkbox next to Memory Overwrite is checked. This means that your study will run indenitely and repeatedly overwrite the ash memory onboard storage. This means that in order to not lose collected data, you must download it to a log on your computer before it is overwrien.Alternatively, you can uncheck the Memory Overwrite checkbox. In this case, the study will run only until the sensor’s ash memory has been lled with interval data. NoteOnce the ash memory buer is full, it must be erased before it can be reused. Before you erase the stored data, you will want to download the data to a log le on your computer. The third line under Step 1 displays the Flash Storage Time. This shows the duration of interval data that a full ash buer holds, calculated for you as a number of days and hours. Because of the way ash memory is managed, the Flash Storage Time will vary based on whether or not you have Memory Overwrite enabled.
77CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTIONStep 2: Congure the SensorWhen you are ready to begin the study, click on the Start buon to:Enable ash storageSave the selected seings to the sensorSynchronize the sensor date and timeErase stored data from both SRAM and ash memoryIt will take several seconds before the study actually begins. When the study does begin, the start time will be displayed in the status bar at the boom of the screen.NoteIf the start time does not coincide directly with the beginning of an interval, the rst interval in memory will contain a partial aggregation of data.Interval Data Buffer StatusAs soon as the study begins, the View Interval Data Buer Status window will appear. This window shows you how much of the guaranteed onboard storage space is lled with interval data. If the data collection setup process has just nished, the storage space should be mostly unused. If you leave this window open, the status will be updated every 30 seconds. The blue bars indicate the amount of memory that contains data (see Figure 7.2).View Interval Data Buffer StatusFigure 7.2 –
78 CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTION NoteThis screen can be accessed via the Data Collection Download screen by clicking on the View Data Buer Status buon.The sensor’s SRAM buer contains up to 246 of the most recent interval data records. This type of storage is temporary because SRAM is volatile—its contents will be lost if the sensor’s power supply is interrupted. The sensor’s ash memory buer contains up to 2975 interval data records. This type of storage is permament because ash memory is nonvolatile—it will retain its contents even if the sensor’s power supply is interrupted.NoteThe smallest amount of ash memory that can be erased at one time represents several interval data records. As a result, if you are collecting data with the Memory Ovewrite feature enabled, you will not typically see the buer ll up 100%. In fact, you may see the usage fall from near 100% to something near 80%. This is because as usage approaches 100%, a portion of the oldest contents are erased in order to make room for newer data.If you want to force the contents of the sensor’s SRAM buer to be wrien to ash memory, click the Transfer>> buon.Data DownloadTo download interval data stored on the sensor in the SRAM and ash memory buers—such as data collected in a study—go to Data Collection>Download. The screen that comes up is divided into two sections, Download Interval Data and Interval Data Buers (see Figure 7.3).
79CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTIONData DownloadFigure 7.3 – Download Interval DataUnder the Download Interval Data section, click the Browse buon. This will open a directory box where you can either create a new data download le log or locate an existing download le log. Once you’ve selected an existing le or entered the name of the new le, select Open. Next, select the type of download to perform. The following types of download sessions are available:Normal – Retrieves all interval data from the beginning of the study to the most recent record. The number of lanes per record is determined by the number of lanes currently congured on the sensor.Incremental – Retrieves only the interval data that was recorded after the indicated date and time. The number of lanes per record is determined by the number of lanes currently congured on the sensor.Error Recovery – Retrieves the entire contents of the ash memory buer. The ash memory buer contains 2976 records and each record has data for eight lanes. The contents of SRAM are not retrieved in this mode. You can perform this type of download to verify the contents of the ash memory buer in the event that a normal or incremental download does not retrieve all the data that you expect to receive.Once you have selected the type of download, click Download.NoteEach time a data download is performed, a header is inserted into the log le that indicates the date of the download.
80 CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTION Data in the SRAM buer contains the most recent information and will be downloaded rst. If there is any data in the ash buer, it will be downloaded second. However, before the data is wrien to the log le it will be reordered, so that the oldest data intervals will be near the top of the le.If you want to cancel the download or if you only want to download a certain number of intervals, click the Stop buon as soon as the desired number of interval data records are downloaded. Once the download process has stopped, a window is displayed that indicates number of interval data records that were downloaded.NoteIf your sensor experienced power cycles during the study, it may have been impossible for SmartSensor Manager to determine the timestamp of some of your intervals. The timestamp entry for these intervals will appear blank. If you have detailed knowledge about the length of the study and when the power cycles occurred (and for how long), you may be able to reconstruct the unknown timestamps. Periodic connection to the sensor is recommended in order to resynchronize the sensor time in case of a power cycle.Interval Data BuffersThe second section of the download screen is Interval Data Buers. This section has two options, View Data Buer Status and Erase Data Buers.Selecting View Data Buer Status takes you to the Interval Data Buer Status screen; see the Data Collection Setup section of this chapter for more information.NoteIf you are not sure when your storage space will completely ll up with data; you can click on the View Data Buer Status buon and monitor its progress. You can also look at the Flash Storage Time entry on the Data Collection Setup screen to see how long you have before the ash memory lls up. Multiply the percentage of remaining storage space by the total Flash Storage Time to approximate the remaining amount of time before the storage space will completely ll up. Selecting Erase Stored Data clears the sensor’s memory and starts fresh. If the storage space is full, data must be downloaded or erased in order for the study to continue.
81CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTIONNoteIf intervals expire during (or immediately after) your download, you will be prompted to download the new intervals before you erase. If you are presented with the option to download and erase, it is recommended that you do so in order to prevent losing data. Data LogsGoing to File>Data Logs . . . allows you to create new data logs, open existing ones, and export logs into 3 Card format. Selecting New and then the type of log—Download, Interval or Event—opens a directory box where you can create a new log. This le will then be used to log data. If you created an event log, going to View>Trac (Event) Data and turning logging on will ll the log. If you created an interval log, going to View>Interval Data and turning logging on will ll the log. If you created a download log, going to Data Collection>Download and downloading data will ll the log.NoteIf you haven’t created a log le when you go to start logging, the program will prompt you to create one then.Selecting Open and then the type of log will open the most recently used log in a text editor such as Notebook.NoteYou can also open event and interval logs by going to View>Trac (Event) Data or View>Interval Data and clicking the View Log buon; you can view download logs by selecting the View data le when this window is closed buon after downloading.ExportSelect File>Data Logs . . . >Export to export an interval log or download log to another le format (see Figure 7.4).
82 CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTION Export Data LogsFigure 7.4 – First, select the le to export by clicking the “. . .” buon next to the Export File text eld. This will open a directory where you can select the log to be exported. Next is a spot to select the format for export. Currently the only supported destination le format is 3 Card (for more information about this format, see the FH WA’s Trac Monitoring Guide, available from wa.dot.gov). Click Continue.On the following screen, ll out the requested information, which includes a starting and ending date, a station ID number, the functional classication of the sensor site, the state you’re located in, and any restrictions. Click Continue when you’re done. NoteThe starting date and ending date will generally be the rst and last day of data in your interval log le. However, you may wish to set your starting date and ending date so that you export only certain days.On the third page, specify the lane assignment number and lane direction. So that you can tell which lane you’re working with, the lanes are numbered under the Sensor Log File heading, with the lane closest to the sensor at the top of the list. While multiple lanes may have the same direction, no two lanes may have both the same direction and number, unless that number is 0. You can call multiple lanes 0 in order to group them together (see Figure 7.5).
83CHAPTer 7 o DATA COLLECTIONStep 3 of Export ProcessFigure 7.5 – Click Finish to create the 3 Card le. (To see the le immediately, click the Open 3 Card export le when nished box.) SmartSensor Manager will take the entered information and format the le according to 3 Card standards.
In this ChapterHyperterminal Firmware Upload The Tools menu allows you to view and send messages to and from the sensor, as well as to upload rmware.HyperterminalHyperterminal allows you to send message requests and view message responses for any commands in either Simple or Multi-drop protocols (see Figure 8.1). Enter the request in the text eld marked Command Line located near the top of the screen. Click on the appropriate radio buon to either transmit information all at once after you’ve hit Enter on the keyboard or to automatically transmit each character as it is typed. The message response will be returned in the gray scrollable area below the Command Line.You may also use binary mode to verify operation of binary protocols supported by SmartSensor by clicking the Binary Mode buon. 8Tools
86 CHAPTer 8 o TOOLS HyperterminalFigure 8.1 – Firmware UploadWhen you rst connect, the program will prompt you to update your rmware if it sees a discrepancy between the software and rmware versions, but you can also go at any time to Tools>Firmware Upload and select a rmware le (.hex) stored on your computer to upload to your sensor (see Figure 8.2).Before using something other than the most current rmware version, please contact Wavetronix Technical Services for assistance.To upload rmware, click the appropriate radio buon for either DSP or FPGA rmware. Click the Browse . . . buon to locate the rmware stored on your computer; click the UPLOAD buon to transfer the rmware to the sensor.
87CHAPTer 8 o TOOLSFirmware UploadFigure 8.2 –
In this ChapterSelecting the Contact Closure Model Programming Sensors for Use with Contact Closures Programming Contact Closures In many applications, you will not need to use your SmartSensor with contact closure cards. Often trac data is collected directly from the sensor via a serial, modem or Internet connection. However, a contact closure module is often needed to use a SmartSensor with a trac controller, trac data recorder or other type of data logger.Selecting the Contact Closure ModelIn some applications, all of the contact closure modules listed in Table 9.1 below could be used, but one model may have major advantages over the others; for example, the Click! 101 is beer for midblock applications.Model Number Form Factor Major AdvantagesClick! 100 Din rail Screw terminals for easy wiring to automatic trafc recorders or data loggersClick! 101 Din rail Collection from multiple sensorsClick! 172/174 Rack card Works with standard ITS and intersection detector racks (NEMA TS1/TS2, 170, 2070) Click! 500 Din rail User-programmable contact closure development platform for virtually any application.Advantages of Contact Closure ModelsTable 9.1 – 9Contact Closure Communications
90 CHAPTer 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS Click! 100 – The Click! 100 is a din rail–mounted contact closure that can be used in cabinets without detector racks and simplies integration into automatic data recorders and data loggers. The wiring harness of the automatic data recorders can connect directly to the screw terminals of the Click! 100. Application notes for wiring to common automatic trac recorders can be obtained by contacting your authorized Wavetronix dealer or Wavetronix Technical Services.Click! 101 – The Click! 101 has the built-in capability of collecting from multiple SmartSensor units simultaneously, making it an excellent choice for midblock applications. This allows one Click! 101 to collect trac data from all the SmartSensor stations pertaining to an intersection. For arterial management, the resulting system is very cost-eective and can be rapidly deployed, especially when wireless communications is included. Each SmartSensor uses its two communication ports to send real-time trac data to both cabinets for which it is collecting data (see Figure 9.1). The real-time data is used to control the intersection using either local control strategies or closed-loop control systems like ACS-lite.SmartSensor Sending Real-time Data to Multiple Approaches Using Dual PortsFigure 9.1 – Click! 172/174 – The Click! 172/174 are contact closure cards that allow the SmartSensor to integrate into standard ITS and intersection detector racks. The Click! 172 has two contact closure outputs and the Click! 174 has four. The Click! 172/174 are commonly used in legacy ITS cabinets or for midblock intersection detection. Multiple modules can be daisy-chained together to collect data from all eight lanes possible with SmartSensor.Unlike the Click! 101, which actively collects information from multiple sensors, each Click! 172/174 is dedicated to a single sensor. During programming, the Click! 172/174 cards transmit conguration information to SmartSensor to set up the mode of operation. Once the mode is set up, the rack cards stop transmiing messages and passively listen for data pushed by the sensor.
91CHAPTer 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONSTipIn many cases, the trac data detected by SmartSensor is valuable to both operations and planning departments. However, when legacy systems are used, often there is no mechanism to directly share the data. Even with the limitations of legacy systems, contact closures can sometimes provide a way for operations and planning to both get what they need from a single sensor. For example, the operations department can collect trac data into a trac controller via a Click! 172/174 over one of the SmartSensor’s two ports. Then the planning department can use the second port to send data to an automatic trac data recorder via a Click! 100.Click! 500 – The Click! 500 is a user-programmable contact closure platform for virtually any application. For example, the Click! 500 can be programmed to activate a contact closure output when vehicles over a specied speed and length are detected. To accelerate development, the Click! 500 will provide developers with SmartSensor communication drivers. For a full description of each module refer to the Click! quick-start guides, user manuals and bid specications. Or contact your authorized Wavetronix dealer or Wavetronix Technical Services for more information.Programming Sensors for Use with Contact ClosuresClick! 100 – The Click! 100 supports baud rates from 9600 to 57600 bps. When using a Click! 100, make sure your SmartSensor is set to operate at a baud rate in this range. Click! 101 – The Click! 101 modules support baud rates from 9600 to 115200 bps. The Click! 101 identies each sensor by its sensor ID. Before you congure the Click! 101, you can retrieve the sensor ID using SmartSensor Manager over communication link.Click! 172/174 – The Click! 172/174 modules support baud rates from 9600 to 57600 bps. When using a Click! 172/174 device, make sure SmartSensor is set to operate at a baud rate in this range. To select which SmartSensor lanes are mapped to the Click! 172/174 outputs, the lane names of the SmartSensor need to be set up correctly using SmartSensor Manager. The rst character of the lane name should take on the value 0 to 9. The second character can take on a value R or L to represent the direction trac is owing. For example, lane names could be 1R (right to left) or 1L (left to right).
92 CHAPTer 9 o CONTACT CLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS NoteThe SmartSensor default loop size and spacing will change the values of SmartSensor data. The default loop size is used in the calculation of lane occupancy, vehicle duration and vehicle length. The default loop spacing is used in the calculation of vehicle speed and length. The Click! 100 and 172/174 also use these seings to change the duration and spacing of contact closures signaled on their output pins. If your SmartSensor is connected to a contact closure device and you are also retrieving data serially, rst adjust the default loop size and spacing to match the inductive loop setup that you’re trying to emulate, then adjust the individual lane size and spacing values used to calculate the per lane scale factors.Click! 500 – The Click! 500 modules support baud rates from 9600 to 115200 bps. Any special programming of SmartSensor for an application running on the Click! 500 will be explained in the documentation for that application. Programming Contact ClosuresThe contact closure modules have several modes of operation explained in their respective quick-start guides and user manuals. Consult this documentation to determine the mode appropriate for your application. This documentation will explain how to program each mode.
In the AppendixA – Cable Connector Denitions B – Old Cable Connector Denitions C – Cable Lengths D – Direct Serial Connections AppendixAppendix A – Cable Connector DenitionsThe SmartSensor cable is composed of three groups of wires, each containing color-coded wires and a drain wire and surrounded by a shield. Table A.1 details the pinout of the cable and the appropriate connection inside the cabinet for each wire:Wire DescriptionRed +DCBlack -DCDrain GNDBlue -485White +485Drain 485 GNDYellow 232 (TD)Violet 232 (RD)Drain GNDOrange RTSBrown CTSGray 232 GNDSmartSensor Cable and Cabinet ConnectionTable A.1 –
94 APPeNdiX See Figure A.1 for a diagram of the previously used SmartSensor cable’s 25-pin socket assignment. The codes listed in the diagram are to be used to solder wires into the back of the plug where the leers represent the individual solder cups.SmartSensor 105 Plug Connector Socket AssignmentFigure A.1 – Appendix B – Old Cable Connector DenitionsThe previously used SmartSensor cable is composed of six twisted pairs of wire. Each pair is composed of a black and a red wire, accompanied by a drain wire and surrounded by a shield. A numeric label (1 through 6) identies each pair of black and red wires. Table A.2 details the pinout of the cable and the appropriate connection inside the cabinet for each wire:Cable DescriptionRed 1 +DCBlack 1 -DCDrain of Pair 1 GNDRed 2 +DCBlack 2 -DCDrain of Pair 2 GND
95APPeNdiXRed 3 +485Black 3 -485Drain of Pair 3 485 GNDRed 4 232 (TD) output from sensorBlack 4 232 (RD) input to sensorDrain of Pair 4 232 GNDPair 5 Reserved for future useRed 6 CTS ow for 232Black 6 RTS ow for 232Cabinet ConnectionTable A.2 – Use Figure A.2 below if you are using the old SmartSensor cable:Click! 200 Wiring (Old)Figure A.2 – See Figure A.3 below for a diagram of the previously used SmartSensor cable’s 25-pin socket assignment. The codes listed in the diagram are to be used to solder wires into the back of the plug where the leers represent the individual solder cups.
96 APPeNdiX Old SmartSensor SS105 Plug Connector Socket AssignmentFigure A.3 – Communication between the SmartSensor and PC can be established using the RS-232 DTE specications, along with the use of a null modem cable and the standard 9-pin “D” male connector. Please use the following guidelines for connecting the SmartSensor cable to the serial connection on a PC or modem when not using a Click! 200.NoteThe RS-232 pinouts remain the same on the SmartSensor cable regardless of whether you’re connecting to a PC or a modem. If you’re connecting to a PC, a null modem cable is required. If you’re connecting to a modem or other DCE device, then a straight-through serial cable is used.
97APPeNdiXTable A.3 below shows the individual wiring of both the new and old SmartSensor cables and how they correspond.Orion Color-Coded Cable Beldin 9331 CablePowerRed Red 1, Red 2Black Black 1, Black 2Drain NoneRS-485White Red 3Blue Black 3Drain Drain 3RS-232Yellow Red 4Violet Black 4Orange Black 6Brown Red 6Gray Drain 4Drain Drain 4None Red 5, Black 5, Drain 5, Drain 6Belden 9331 (Old Cable) ConversionsTable A.3 – Appendix C – Cable LengthsThe recommendations in Table A.4 below allow you to provide reliable power to the SmartSensor. The SmartSensor cable’s red and black wires provide a 20 AWG wire pair. The other pairs on the SmartSensor cable are 22 AWG and are normally used for communication.Cable Gauge 24 Volts 12 Volts20 AWG (SS Cable) 600 ft. (182.9 m) 110 ft. (33.5 m)Additional 22 AWG Add 400 ft. (121.9 m) Add 75 ft. (22.9 m)22 AWG (Old SS Cable) 400 ft. (121.9 m) 75 ft. (22.9 m)Additional 22 AWG Add 400 ft. (121.9 m) Add 75 ft. (22.9 m)14 AWG 2500 ft. (762 m) 450 ft. (137.2 m)12 AWG 3900 ft. (1188.7 m) 700 ft. (213.4 m)10 AWG 6000 ft. (1828.8 m) 1050 ft. (320 m)8 AWG 9900 ft. (3017.5 m) 1750 ft. (533.4 m)6 AWG 14,000 ft. (4267.2 m) 2500 ft. (762 m)Maximum Cable Length for PowerTable A.4 – If the cable length is longer than 600 ft. (182.9 m) when operating at 24 V, it is
98 APPeNdiX possible to increase the maximum cable length by wiring a pair of lines normally used for RS-232 communications with the red and black wires. If the cable length is 200 ft. (61 m) or greater you cannot reliably use RS-232 communications. To add 400 ft. (121.9 m) and achieve a maximum cable length of 1000 ft. (304.8 m), connect the orange wire (normally RTS) to the red wire and the brown wire (normally CTS) to the black wire.If your cable run is longer than 1000 ft. (304.8 m), it is possible to sacrice additional communication pairs to increase the maximum cable length for power. However, you may desire to communicate to the sensor over two independent channels, in which case you will need to consider an alternate cable for power. The AWG for wire pairs that achieve a 2000 ft. (609.6 m) maximum cable length or greater at 12 and 24 V are listed in Table A.5.To achieve reliable wired communications, the selected baud rate must be compatible with the length of the cable run. Table A.5 below shows the cable length recommendations for wired communications: Baud Rate (bps) RS-232 RS-485115200 40 ft. (12.2 m) 300 ft. (91.4 m)57600 60 ft. (18.3 m) 600 ft. (182.9 m)38400 100 ft. (30.5 m) 800 ft. (243.8)19200 140 ft. (42.7 m) 1000 ft. (304.8 m)9600 200 ft. (61 m) 2000 ft. (609.6 m)Maximum Cable Length for Wired CommunicationsTable A.5 – To provide two independent communication channels with a homerun cable length over 200 ft. (61 m), convert the RS-232 data into RS-485 using a Click! 304 in a pole-mount cabinet mounted next to the sensor. In this case, the homerun connection establishes one RS-485 channel over the normal white/blue wire pair and another RS-485 channel over the yellow/violet wire pair. An additional Click! 304 is needed to convert the data sent over the yellow/violet wire pair back to RS-232 before connecting to surge protection.If you elect to use an alternate cable for power, you may also want to select an alternate cable for RS-485 communications. Some options include the Belden 3105A (Paired – EIA Industrial RS-485 PLTC/CM) or Alpha Wire 6010C 3PR 22 AWG.There are many reliable options available for wired power and communications connections (see Table A.6).
99APPeNdiXLength Cable Comm. Channel 1 Comm. Channel 20–200 ft. (0–61 m) SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485 Native RS-232200–1000 ft. (61–304.8 m)SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485 Click! conversion of RS-232 to RS-4851000–1400 ft. (304.8–426.7 m)SmartSensor Cable Native RS-485 N/A1400–2000 ft. (426.7–609.6 m)Alternate power and communications cableNative RS-485 Click! conversion of RS-485 to RS-232Cable Length OptionsTable A.6 – Appendix D – Direct Serial ConnectionsFor most applications, the service end of the SmartSensor cable terminates in a surge protection device. However, during demonstrations, troubleshooting, and certain other situations, it is sometimes convenient to bypass surge protection and connect directly to a personal computer or communications device such as a modem.The sensor is congured as an RS-232 DTE device. To connect the SmartSensor cable’s RS-232 wires directly to another DTE device (such as a PC), you can use a standard 9-pin “D” connector and a null modem cable. To connect directly to a DCE device (such as a modem), you will need a straight-through cable. Figure A.4 illustrates both of these cases.Direct Serial ConnectionsFigure A.4 –
100 APPeNdiX NoteIf you do not have the right type of RS-232 physical connection you will not be able to connect using the SmartSensor Manager software. Since null modem cables and straight-through cables look similar, you may want to label them. Alternatively, you may want to use a null modem adapter instead of a null modem cable. If you do, you can turn your straight-through cable into a null modem cable by aaching the adapter on one end.If you wish to connect the SmartSensor cable’s RS-485 wires directly to a PC or modem, this will require that these devices natively support RS-485 communications. Often, modern personal computers do not support RS-485 communications and support USB communications instead. If your computer only supports USB communications, you may want to use a Click! serial to USB converter to make a direct connection.

Navigation menu